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人民法院报:抓好区块链司法应用的着力点
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进一步明确和细化区块链技术在审判执行工作中的应用场景,是当前区块链司法应用的重点。要应用区块链技术助力智慧诉讼服务,优化诉讼流程管理;助力智慧审判执行,提升案件办理质效;助力司法行政协同,促进跨链数据流转;助力经济社会治理,推进纠纷多元化解决。 区块链技术在司法领域的融合应用已向纵深发展,在提升智慧司法水平、助力经济社会高质量发展中发挥了重要作用。进一步明确和细化区块链技术在审判执行工作中的应用场景,是当前区块链司法应用的重点。 一、助力智慧诉讼服务,优化诉讼流程管理 发挥区块链技术“防篡改、可校验、可追溯”的特性,促进审判方式改革,提升诉讼服务质量。一是确保诉讼活动真实性。当事人通过在线申请立案、线上缴纳相关费用、网上开庭、证据交换等诉讼服务过程,将个人身份信息、电子材料、诉讼行为等与案件相关的资料进行上链存储,便捷高效流转的同时,还可以防止诉讼服务过程中产生的电子数据被篡改,并随时能够进行校验和追溯。二是提升司法活动透明度。借助司法区块链系统将案件办理全生命周期过程中产生的送达地址确认书、庭审笔录、裁判文书等文书材料进行即时性地固化存证,探索以区块链技术化解送达难的解决路径,为线上办案提供新技术支持,真正实现智慧法院网络化、阳光化和智能化的“三化”目标,进一步增强司法公信力。 二、助力智慧审判执行,提升案件办理质效 区块链技术本身具有的优势将补强电子证据真实性难以保证的弊端,有助于全方面提升人民法院案件审判执行的智能化水平。一是推进在线证据制度发展。目前,由最高人民法院主导搭建运营的人民法院司法区块链统一平台上的节点已有 32个,存证数量近3亿条,极大解决了电子证据取证难、存证难、认证难的问题。部分互联网法院的联盟链还通过跨链技术打通了合同链、版权链、金融链、存证链等链路,确保了电子证据从产生、存储、传输、提取和校验全流程的完整性。另外,诸如互联网贷款和数字版权领域的区块链司法存证应用标准的发布也将推动各类型案件存证标准的细化和完善,对同类案件电子证据的认定具有示范意义。各存证节点还应根据统一的区块链技术参照标准开展服务,确保区块链存证技术的规范性,提升法院对电子数据的审查和认定效率。二是推进人工智能司法应用。将区块链技术与人工智能技术相结合,实现区块链司法与智能司法协同发展,既能简化案件审理流程,还可通过批量化案件处理生成范式裁判文书,极大提升案件办理质效。三是推进执行工作规范化。将区块链技术运用于记录执行法官的财产查控行为、已结卷宗及时进行可信存证、审判转执行一键式立案、对司法拍卖的全过程上链记录等方面,确保执行全过程可信高效。 三、助力司法行政协同,促进跨链数据流转 区块链技术将提升人民法院与检察机关、公安机关和司法行政机关在案件材料的在线流转效率及电子数据的共享互信水平,同时还能够提高人民法院与行政执法、不动产登记、金融保险机构、联合信用惩戒等单位的协同执行工作效率。一是从地域上实现更大范围的业务协同。逐渐增加最高人民法院司法链节点协作单位,全国范围内筛选资质可靠的联盟链上链,实现区域链司法应用的规模效应。二是从类型上鼓励更多机构上链协作。通过打通数据链路,整合数据资源,聚合人民法院、检察机关、仲裁机构、公证机关、金融保险机构等部门,形成司法数据共享链,方便各方主体随时查验,形成共信空间。以链上协作提升执行威慑力,通过失信执行人名单上链发布和核验,确保失信执行人的信息在人民法院内部与外部之间的流转过程安全可信。 四、助力经济社会治理,推进纠纷多元化解决 目前,互联网发展促进了在线支付、在线交易方式的普及,金融纠纷、电商纠纷等类型化案件频发,总体上存在案件数量大、交易金额小等特点。为缓解法院案多人少的压力,需要积极探索区块链司法应用新模式。一是区块链技术为支撑的智能合约赋强调解质效。通过将前端调解平台上相关的调解人员个人信息、调解音视频资料、调解行为过程、调解协议等进行链上存证,征得双方当事人同意后将上述调解协议通过链上节点的传递进行司法确认,转为可自动执行的智能合约,实现矛盾纠纷一站式解决。二是通过区块链技术提升知识产权案件中公证证据的效力。将存证时间节点前移,对知识产权进行及时上链固化和永久性保存,降低当事人举证成本。三是推广智能合约应用模型。在网络购物、金融消费等领域探索智能合约等应用模型,推动纠纷源头化解,促进经济社会治理效能提升。 来源:金色财经 |
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