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[虚拟币交流]
以太坊 2026 年转型：为什么基于证明的验证对节点至关重要（转）
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2月11日，以太坊（ETH）开发者和研究人员将齐聚一堂，参加首届L1-zkEVM研讨会。此次活动或将预示着未来以太坊区块验证将变得更快、更轻量、更便捷。
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路线图：L1-zkEVM 和 EIP-8025
) C/ J$ R) p; W8 y [$ T- C这项计划属于以太坊 2026 年 L1-zkEVM 路线图的一部分。其核心特性 EIP-8025（也称为可选执行证明）引入了一种新的验证途径。
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7 S; Y. B* q8 C; `与其要求每个验证者重新运行（或“重新执行”）区块内的所有交易，系统将允许被称为 zkAttester 的专门参与者使用零知识 (ZK) 证明来验证区块。
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重要的是，此次升级是可选的。未进行升级的节点将继续按现有方式运行。7 S' o+ i7 B# Q, M/ u, t
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这为什么重要？
6 u& i) t. o. { W( Z$ w现在，以太坊为了确认交易的正确性，验证者必须重新执行每个区块中的每笔交易。随着网络活动的增长，这将变得非常消耗资源。
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+ w" Q. Y' D; U/ y; r+ x% A8 U. Y零知识证明改变了这种局面。验证者无需重复所有计算，只需检查一个加密证明即可确认区块的有效性。验证速度显著提升，硬件资源占用也大幅降低。; V; i. f- v1 J% L
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更低的存储、带宽和计算需求，使得在消费级笔记本电脑上运行完全验证节点再次成为可能。
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6 n9 y1 z F; k% Z如果参与成本降低、参与门槛降低，即使 gas 限制和产量增加，个人质押者和家庭验证者也能保持竞争力。- M4 B3 \4 R P8 w. P+ \2 O, T
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安全、架构和全局% f" W& f W. o6 V5 a- ~. H
根据 EIP-8025，区块只有在多个独立证明（目前提议为五个证明中至少三个）得到验证后才会被接受。这既保证了客户端的多样性，又降低了对单一实现的依赖。+ I9 W/ o) s. f
4 I9 _' Z% Q0 v: t1 i/ p$ W7 v# W5 t5 r声明内容如下：
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3 m% ?+ U1 E" @7 z+ {- |3 Z这项工作分为六个子主题：执行见证和客户程序标准化、zkVM-guest API 标准化、CL 集成、证明器基础设施、基准测试和指标以及使用形式化验证的安全性。' x) u5 L4 `- s# {2 w: X
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除了 L1 层之外，此举还有助于规范执行见证人和 zkVM 接口。这将使已经致力于以太坊区块证明的 Rollup 和证明基础设施提供商受益。0 u$ z3 y& I% U. }3 P
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看起来挺有意思的，zkEVM要是真能让验证更轻松，对节点维护者来说绝对是好事 |
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这波升级真香，节点压力小多了，以后跑全节点也轻松了 |
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