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盘点 5 个潜力特色公链：能否在公链红海中脱颖而出？
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打败以太坊的或许不是以太坊的 Fork，而是更具破局性质，能够帮助 Web3.0 走向成熟形态的好用公链。
摘要
随着新公链市场热度攀升，特色公链的概念随之浮现，打败以太坊的或许不是以太坊的 Fork，而是更具破局性质，能够帮助 Web3.0 走向成熟形态的好用公链。 发展特色公链是 Web3.0 塑造下一代互联网的必经之路，从满足 Web3.0 应用规模化的需求角度来看，特色公链持续迭代对需要进行高维度用户体验改进的 Web3.0 世界具有重要意义。 以太坊合并分层进程的逐渐完成对高性能以太坊 Fork 并不友好，而另类共识机制如 DAG，DiemBFT v4 等支撑的特色技术公链，以及拥有模块化创新架构的公链或许会在下一个公链浪潮中脱颖而出。公链也会逐渐分化为面向广域、私域和特定赛道方向（如应用链）发展。 生态建设健康且能够持续吸引原生项目的公链能够穿越牛熊，正在建设中的公链承载了大量未迸发的生命力，公链发展在模块化的复杂延展性和呈现给用户的体验精简性中寻找平衡。 面向垂直场景的、具有鲜明特征、可满足特定需求且迁移成本更小的公链方案或成为下一波加密用户创新力量的选择，而这些选择也将大概率成为继通用型公链如以太坊，BSC 等下一代穿越牛熊的公链。
导语
前不久 Aptos 以 27.5 亿美元估值获得 FTX1.5 亿美元投资，总融资额 3.5 亿美元。在熊市这是尤其亮眼的成绩，当然这与其在 Meta( 前 Facebook) 通过获取用户信息建设的可行方案以及大批顶级科学家精心设计的背景被资本定价不无关系,。而上一波牛市崭露头角的新公链 Solana，目前熊市 FDV 不到 200 亿美金, Near FDV 则只有 41 亿美金。
公链形成承载更多应用价值的稳定生态离不开时间和用户沉淀、极强的技术开发团队以及庞大的社区和技术社群支撑共同促进应用开发和落地。因此搭建公链就像修建一条铁路，所需要的前期投入巨大，但后期收取来自使用者 的费用带来可持续的收入，并且生态越繁荣，创新力量越强大，带来的收入边际效益会更多，这也解释了基础设施公链作为 Web3.0 核心价值载体高估值的背后原因。
纵观公链发展进程，大概分为三个阶段。
第一阶段为 2008-2013 年，中本聪发表比特币白皮书后，比特币走红，也出现很多以改良比特币为目的的「山寨币」，产生了以 BTC 为代表的第一批公链。。 第二阶段为 2014-2017 年，图灵完备的加入，让以太坊成为了公链发展的转折点，智能合约概念首次出现在区块链中，并且让公链具备了承载应用运行的可编程性，同时加密猫等应用的问世，人们开始真正体验到区块链技术展现的应用展现。以太坊也以先 发优势在公链中建立自己的生态壁垒，这一时期产生的公链包括 ETH、NEO、 QTUM、EOS 等。 第三阶段是 2018 年至今，各类共识机制，验证交易层技术的迭代造就了一批高性能低成本的公链，代表包括 BSC，Solana, Avax 等。
下个阶段公链发展伴随 ETH2.0 合并且分片扩容的进程可能会出现两种趋势，第一种分片完成后是 EVM compatible 的 L1 及对应的 L2 上原先迫于高 Gas 费而溢出的用户或许会回流，以太坊的 Fork 们面临挑战；第二个趋势是拥有特色技术及创新架构的公链会脱颖而出，公链的发展也会逐渐分化为向服务广域 / 私域和特定赛道方向发展（如应用链）。
公链的广义分类和特色公链概念
 编辑搜图
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