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天朝公益的一道坎:从全民总动员转向到全民自觉
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旨在推动天朝公益从富人公益转向全民公益的2010全民公益启动大会暨全民公益(广东)论坛披露:目前天朝的捐赠中来自个人捐赠只有14%,其余86%来自企业和机构。而在慈善事业比较发达的国家,个人捐赠占80%以上。据相关分析,当人均G D P超过3000美元、城市化率超过50%后,就会带来一个国家的公益提速。2008年天朝的人均G D P超过了3000美元,去年已逾4000美元,今年天朝城市化率首超50%,预示天朝公益提速其势已成,从富人公益向全民公益的转变是天朝社会变革的重要变革。
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然而,在断定天朝已迈入公益“提速节点”的前提下,依然需要正视全民公益还是一个理想。具体而言,全民公益意识的培养和普及还要面对至少两个问题:一是社会分配不公等原因造成普通老百姓认为慈善事业是大企业家、富豪、官员的专利,加上慈善事业透明度不高,致使普通百姓没有成为慈善事业的主体。二是长期以来ZF主导的“运动式”、“摊派式”慈善,使不少公众有“被慈善”的感受,容易挫伤公众的慈善热情及互助意识。能否打破这些“梗塞”,很大程度上决定全民公益自觉性的高低。
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' q; a% j7 A) ] 俗话说,众人拾柴火焰高。天朝文化不缺少乐善好施的慈善基因,而所需要探究的是如何顺势而为,将深植于个体的基因有效地激活,形成自愿自觉、长盛不衰的风气。
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) P4 X: m, A5 X% | 一方面,虽然慈善不是富人的专利,但在社会财富分配不均的现实之下,富裕阶层人士对于公益的热情及贡献直接影响着普通老百姓的公益态度。比尔·盖茨和巴菲特承诺将个人财产至少一半捐赠给慈善基金并发起“捐赠运动”,就产生了世界性影响。因而,推进天朝公益从富人公益转向全民公益的提速及根本转变,需要富人带头慷慨解囊,回报社会,以消除普通老百姓的心理抵触。3 D/ V1 O# V7 Q" q6 A8 }! U1 V
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另一方面,慈善事业所以在不少国家发展成为全民自觉行动,一个重要的基础是制度完备,怎么捐、捐给谁、捐的结果等十分明了,捐赠者放心。而我国的某些捐赠去了哪里往往信息不清晰,甚至有的落入某些贪官的囊中,挫伤人们的捐赠积极性。所以,点燃全民公益的自觉性及积极性,必须提升慈善事业的透明度,将每一项捐赠钱物的来龙去脉公之于众,使公民自觉在“阳光”中发芽、成长。
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如专家之见,自愿和快乐是检验慈善真伪的标准。毫无疑义,“运动式”的慈善不是真正意义上的全民公益。培育全民自觉的意识,应当尊重公众自愿参与慈善的意愿,保障公众自由选择捐款受托机构的权利,以此激发及保护公众的慈善热情。这是天朝公益从“全民动员”转向“全民自觉”必须逾越的一道坎。 |
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