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SAFEIS：2100万枚比特币被开采完后将会发生什么？
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比特币被广泛称之为“数字黄金”，是加密行业市值最高、最具影响力的虚拟货币，这得益于比特币发明者中本聪在设计之初就限制比特币的最大供应量，以保障其稀缺性。
一、比特币何时会被开采完？
比特币供应总量为2100万枚，根据设计，每开采21万个区块（大约每四年）后，每块铸造的比特币数量就会减半（减少50%），2009年比特币创世时，每个区块可以挖掘50个比特币，2012年第一次减半为每区块可挖掘25个比特币，2016年第二次减半为每区块12.5个比特币，2020年第三次减半为每区块6.25比特币，据估算，第四次减半时间大概为2024年3月份。
据估算，全部比特币被开采完毕的时间为2140年。
然而发行的比特币总数不会达到 2100 万枚，而是会略低于2100万枚。这是因为比特币网络使用位移运算符——将一些小数点向下舍入到最接近的最小整数的算术运算符。
二、比特币被开采完后将会发生什么？
1、网络安全性受损
一旦所有比特币都被开采出来，比特币矿工仍然能够参与区块挖掘过程，但矿工的主要收入将从区块奖励转变为交易费用。
然而，激励形式的根本性改变将产生深远而重大的影响，据一项研究得出的结论，仅靠交易费用不足以激励矿工，矿工数量的大幅减少势必会给比特币网络的安全性带来致命打击。
2、自私挖矿攻击威胁
在可能削弱比特币网络安全性的诸多“攻击型”挖矿策略中，最应值得行业关注的是自私挖矿攻击的问题，自私挖矿攻击，又称区块扣留攻击，最先是由Emin和Eyal于2013年发现，一经公布，便在整个业界引起不小的震动。
自私挖矿攻击的最终目的并不是破坏整个比特币网络，而是为了获得更多的奖励。为了达到此目的，自私矿工将其成功开采的区块从群组中扣留，故意延迟公布这个新计算出来的新块，并构造一条被其控制的私有分支，然后继续挖掘更多的区块，如果能持续保持对公开分支的长度优势，并适时公开相应数量区块，就会得到比正常挖掘更多的收益，甚至该私有分支可能成为合法的主链。
SAFEIS研究发现，自私挖矿攻击在交易费用机制中的收益表现会比在区块奖励机制中的表现更好”，因为在当前的区块奖励机制下，所有区块的价值都相同，但在交易费用机制下，自私的矿工持有区块的时间越长，就能赚到更多的钱。
换言之，当比特币接近枯竭或被完全开采完后，自私挖矿攻击恐将在利益驱使下变得更为普遍，那将大大削弱比特币网络的安全性！
3、技术迭代冲击
打败柯达的不是竞争对手，而是数码相机；
打败尼康的不是索尼佳能，而是智能手机；
正如《三体》里所言：“我消灭你，与你无关”，打败行业巨头的往往不是竞争对手，而是时代。
当前科学技术发展速度十分快速，区块链行业更新迭代更为迅猛，一百多年后，区块链是否也会被新的技术生态所取代？比特币是否会被区块链新的迭代产品所替代？
虽然都是猜测，但不可否认的是，未来比特币将面对更多、更大的挑战！
SAFEIS，让区块链更安全！
来源：金色财经 |
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