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DAO(去中心化自治组织)是由规则管理的社区,这些规则被编码为计算机程序并在区块链上运行。 在最初构思DAO时,人们希望取消老板的权力并将其直接交到各个持有者手中。 最早的例子之一是“DAO”,它于2016年4月推出,旨在作为一个将资金分散的项目来运营,其成员通过治理令牌获得了投票权,并决定如何分散资金,让投资的利润回流向成员。 DAO是否受到监管?如果要构建DAO精确的监管和完整的图像,重要的是要了解DAO可以服务于各种目的并以各种方式运行的机制。 DAO可以根据目的和操作的共性大致分为几种类型,其中包括投资DAO,旨在通过资本池使大额投资民主化;协议类DAO,其服务于管理分散协议的目的。 DAO是否吸引监管部门的注意力取决于它的目的和运作。 DAO可以受到监管,以确保其目的适当:例如,慈善DAO旨在通过民主投票过程协调慈善捐赠;一个“绿色”DAO,旨在通过教育改善公共卫生和实现气候目标。 DAO是否吸引监管部门还取决于DAO自身操作的结构。在新加坡,根据其运营结构,投资DAO可能构成2001年《证券和期货法》下的集体投资计划。 诸如“DAO”之类的DAO是否受到这样的监管是值得商榷的。虽然“DAO”类似于集体投资计划,因为它汇集资本是为了获得利润,但集体投资计划的立法定义假设了集中管理的资金池结构,这与“DAO”的分散运作不同。 DAO受监管具备的优势对于公众来说,对DAO的监管是保护消费者的形式。在DAO概念的整个存在过程中,消费者在DAO黑客或诈骗中损失了大量资金。 “DAO”黑客事件是投资者在DAO上亏损的最早例子——由于黑客利用DAO的各种编程漏洞,投资者在2016年损失了5000万美元。 最近,DAO项目已成为越来越常见的诈骗媒介。俗称“地毯拉扯”,诈骗者会征求公共投资,随后带着筹集的资金潜逃,阻止项目的进展。这方面的一个例子是AnubisDAO,其中6000万美元的投资者资金被抽走。 对于DAO来说,监管的好处将包括法律的认可和消费者眼中的合法性。这在加密货币市场尤其重要,加密货币市场以“柠檬”市场而闻名。通过消除有关DAO项目的信息不对称,监管将促进成熟DAO项目和新进入者之间的公平竞争,从而鼓励创新。 此外,通过为新的DAO项目的安全性或有效性提供保证,并设定最低强制性标准,监管将使消费者有信心尝试新事物。 DAO受监管的尴尬DAO受监管的问题在于,它与DAO背后的哲学相矛盾。DAO是将组织权力从集中的决策者转移到社区手中。DAO的水平结构构成了自身吸引力的重要组成部分。 例如,成员在DAO中享受民主化的规则制定和规则执行过程,这在分散金融等领域尤其有益。 相反,监管意味着国家监督,并允许集中的决策者干预DAO的治理。而且,额外的监管造成的繁文缛节可能会使DAO的功能复杂化,从而让DAO成员首先寻求避免这一后果。 因此,未来对DAO的监管行动(如果有的话)将处在不放松对DAO的监管和为消费者引入保障措施之间的平衡之中。 总结监管的长臂尚未到达由社区真正管理的DAO。从政策角度来看,监管机构是否应该关注此类型的DAO是值得怀疑的。 因此,问题不在于对DAO的监管,而在于有多少DAO是真正由社区成员管理。少数人掌握的DAO受到合理的监管,这毫无疑问可以保护许多人,然而矛盾的是这又与DAO的精神违背,或者我们把这种未被社区所有成员管理的DAO,是迈向成熟DAO之路发生的必然现象。 来源:lexology 作者:Osborne Clarke 编译:[email protected] 来源:金色财经 |
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