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新加坡开赌，四方惊诧。也许很难想象新加坡这个曾经拿博彩当“瘟疫”防范的国家，也热热闹闹地办起了DC。如今海南摇身成为“国际 旅游 岛”，博彩业也开始跃跃欲试。如何让博彩成为良性动力，既发挥其对经济的拉动作用，同时又规避其对社会秩序产生的不良影响，或许新加坡管理博彩业的招数值得海南借鉴一二。
0 Q% k7 x" t b5 Y% {. M, Y: R W第一招是把博彩业放在一个恰当的位置。在全球经济低迷，新加坡急需调整产业结构的关口，李显龙果断地发出了第一张赌牌。这并不是为刺激经济的饮鸩止渴。新加坡走的并非传统博彩经营模式，而是现代综合旅游度假模式。博彩只是集会展、度假、休闲、娱乐于一体的综合旅游业的一环。这一环虽然必要，但并非占主要份额。在新加坡现有两个综合性度假城中，金沙度假城的DC占地面积仅达3%，圣陶沙为5%。很明显，新加坡只想利用博彩业对高端旅游业带来的强大的带动力量，发展重点不在博彩，而在于与之相关的其他配套旅游产业。博彩业只是新国 ZF 吸引客源的巨大磁石，虽然其吸引力大，拉动GDP能力强，但在所占份额上并不主导综合旅游业，从而有助于新加坡在产业结构上增加自我主导性强的旅游产业，减少以往对外在经济体依赖过重的金融、服务、石化等产业份额。
! j. W: q. }% l第二招是“严守DC大门”。不鼓励谁赌，禁止谁赌，ZF管理办法一目了然。新国ZF不鼓励国人入DCDB。新加坡人凡入DC，必须缴纳门票70美元。若不想每次都买票，必须在DC内存入至少14万美元。对于人均月收入在1500-1800美元的新国人，这形同将绝大多数小额赌客拒之门外。对于另一些人，DB是绝对禁止的。ZF可以通过第三方禁令的形式禁止领取公共援助金和特别津贴的人进入DC。换言之，享受ZF福利的，没有纳税能力和义务的极端贫困者不能享有DB权利。此外，有犯罪记录者不得进入DC。为了避免国人DB成性，引发家庭破裂、激化社会问题，ZF规定家属可以申请“亲属禁入令”。这样，家属就可以对有赌瘾的亲属实行直接控制。第三种禁令是“自愿禁入令”，可以由当事人自己申请。由此，ZF已经将最可能通过DB诱发社会问题的几类人牢牢挡在DC门外。5 w/ n- S% W6 U& X6 C
新加坡ZF的第一招很聪明，第二招又够狠。两者合而为一，已然是一套优良的风险防范措施。
# t' D8 {: n; p1 K. \作者系香港一国两制研究中心研究员 |
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