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[lastpost] => 2767277 Coinbase公司CEO称银行正用“莫须有风险论”阻挠稳定币收益产品（转） 1758326386 九嶷风
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自15世纪初到17世纪末，是欧洲人所谓的大航海时代，或地理大发现时代。/ u9 S) U2 I- y/ o
. y' X- N9 c9 p但其实，关于这一时期，更恰当的说法应是欧洲人丑恶的殖民扩张与贩卖黑奴的时代。
% L% D% j8 k7 G# @& }
: v% Q0 W0 @ T0 f2 o: c自1519年至1521年，西班牙人征服墨西哥；并发现大银矿，于是从1535年开始铸造银元。
% X9 |9 u5 T/ d+ ~% v0 q2 z4 k8 t
" M0 m* Q$ D* J& f墨西哥银矿产量很大，几近当时世界产量的三分之一。
3 \$ w" ~* `+ m5 E3 X6 a* ?/ ]
; C! W( _; e" B/ c% r* W: d当时，西班牙在智利、玻利维亚、哥伦比亚、危地马拉、委内瑞拉等美洲殖民地都铸造银币，但墨西哥银元的铸造和流通量最大。' J6 w' t# ^8 M8 p7 l* |
6 q* E7 w% p) z/ @" q j' K8 ~
西班牙在美洲殖民地铸造的银元有个特色：其有一面的两侧有两根立柱，因此被称作双柱银元。据说这两根立柱代表联通地中海与大西洋的直布罗陀海峡两岸高耸入云的山崖。& ?- M4 A2 w; t9 M' `; D0 W
9 z& a2 U" u% e2 Z在欧洲神话中，欧洲和非洲原本相连，后被大力士海格立斯（赫哥立斯）撕扯拉开；直布罗陀海峡两岸的山峰就被称为海格立斯柱。
, P4 x6 ~6 X6 d9 g% {+ L' l5 A7 q" Y$ K$ i) S
由于西班牙银元上的这两根立柱由飘带呈S形缠绕，而且这种货币在全世界的流通量很大，因此S字母与两根立竖线条的叠加就成为货币“元”的惯用符号。* Z2 m( n% z0 I/ i# i
4 ~+ C/ \2 A0 |8 n
自1808年至1814年，拿破仑入侵西班牙；西班牙在南美的殖民地相继独立。
. P5 \' S+ d, S% q# e2 y9 H
0 G# O* _. l% U1 ~: ~1821年，墨西哥宣布脱离西班牙独立。1823年，原先设在墨西哥的西班牙铸币厂开始铸造墨西哥自己的银币，称之为墨西哥银币。, L1 `, R7 W$ v6 y8 R- P% y8 t# N
6 J) u* @& g! k' T# U墨西哥银币的特色是：其上有一只雄鹰抓着一条蛇。
* Z5 |9 w9 [8 [. W
0 N' A6 q$ O% I) H* S' v西班牙双柱银元于16世纪中后叶（一般认为在明万历年间）流入天朝。+ f% \# V$ B- ~, {0 e. k
: ?0 i/ j3 [0 m8 h- { l
在我国，西班牙银行被称作本洋；而墨西哥银币被称作鹰洋。2 T+ Y6 w' ^; v( e& {/ Y6 d
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