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金色观察｜搞懂ETHCC上Vitalik的演讲（注解版）
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话说对于比较重要的以太坊生态会议，Vitalik一定会出现，并且带来以太坊的进度公布。 这不，在ETHCC上，Vitalik的演讲就又带来了一些新词新事。 因此，本文综合了Vitalik演讲中提到的内容，并做注解，帮助大家理解以太坊未来。 首先，目前以太坊是处在合并前的测试阶段，以太坊合并测试网已经有了90%的进展，不过后续还需要的时间依旧成迷，我们先静待9月。 接下来，请看演讲内容： 1.合并（Merge）不是以太坊的最终目的地，发展路径是：Merge、Surge、Verge 注：Merge是合并，即从 POW 转移到 POS，目前仍在测试中，合并时，运行信标链节点的验证者会运行执行客户端，将原以太坊1.0链以新的执行层节点支撑，以太坊1.0链将变成执行层，未来会发展为分片之一。而信标链成为共识层，主导账本一致性，在预想中，应用操作的gas费会归于执行层节点。 Surge是指引入分片，也就是合并后以太坊的下一步，进行分片结构的搭建，最终目标是拥有64个分片同时运作，这样的思路中途会遇到较大的困难，比如分片间通信、共识等。此前的预测是DApp部署的时候要考虑部署在哪个分片中，因为不同分片之间数据同步会影响DApp。分片节点，预测会如合并的操作类似，在众多以太坊验证者中推广部署执行层客户端，扩大分片可分配的节点数量，然后调整算法和实际实践操作。计划完成时间为2023年。 Verge是指Verkle树的技术引入，其目标是帮助优化以太坊存储并帮助减少节点大小。区块链的数据结构几乎全部使用Merkle树，就是二叉树的数据结构，数据都填充在一个二叉树里，Verkle树相比Merkle树，存储相同大小数据，空间占用更小，在此前Vitalik的文章中，数据对比显示为，如果一个树包含 10 亿条数据，在传统的二叉 Merkle 树中进行证明将需要大约 1 KB，在 Verkle 树中，此证明将少于150B。 2. |
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