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华尔街日报:加密市场崩溃显示出保证金贷款的危险性
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《华尔街日报》今日发文称,保证金贷款是借款或杠杆的最常见来源之一,它是金融市场起伏不定的基础。对于加密公司及其投资者而言,在当前的寒冬,杠杆正暴露出加密贷方风险管理的失败,并使他们的许多客户面临重大损失和压力。 去年 9 月,Eugene Erlikh 在Celsius Networks LLC 的账户中有大约 25,000 美元,当时他借了 4,000 美元的保证金贷款来购买加密货币 Cardano。6 月 12 日,Celsius 告诉用户,它正在暂停提款和转账。 6 月 18 日,Celsius 表示,Erlikh 将需要向公司转移一半的比特币——价值约 10,000 美元,是其贷款金额的两倍多——否则他的账户将面临清算。 今年 7 月,Celsius 申请破产保护。由于交易仍处于暂停状态,Erlikh 说他无法按照指示结清贷款或提供额外的抵押品。他多次给公司打电话和发电子邮件都没有得到答复。Celsius还没有清算他的账户,现在显示有 20,000 美元的余额,但无法使用。Erlikh 说,“如果我可以自己偿还贷款,我向他们支付 10,000 美元以取回我的抵押品是没有意义的。” Celsius表示,目前不会寻求法院批准允许客户提款,这意味着随着贷方在破产中进行重组并通过第 11 章程序处理客户索赔的过程中,账户将保持冻结状态。7 月 18 日,Erlikh 先生收到了一封来自Celsius的电子邮件,通知他公司已暂停追加保证金通知和清算。 保证金交易是一种由来已久的做法,虽然风险很大,但投资者从他们的经纪商那里借钱来扩大他们的赌注。当投资者的贷款抵押品价值低于预定水平时,经纪商可以要求更多或让投资者偿还贷款。 市场崩盘和金融危机给传统银行和经纪商带来了痛苦的教训。清算账户不仅可以终止经纪商与该客户的关系,还可能使交易对手破产。 在加密货币领域,法律和监管结构远不发达,加密货币贷方在清算后如何处理交易对手的抵押品并不清晰。与高盛集团这样的大银行及其对冲基金客户相比,贷款人和向他们借款的投资公司对彼此财务状况的了解往往要少得多。 Crowell & Moring LLP合伙人Richard Lee表示,没有监管机构对加密贷方和经纪商可以向客户提供多少杠杆施加限制。人们仍在了解每种加密货币的保证金数额应该是多少。 根据贷方的不同,追加保证金可能会有所不同。在加密市场的去中心化金融平台,条款设置在透明的智能合约中,大多数贷款是超额抵押的,清算是自动化的。但在集中化加密借贷平台,在某些情况下,所需的抵押品甚至是追加保证金的时间都是可以协商的。 今年6月,加密经纪商Voyager Digital表示,对冲基金公司三箭资本拖欠了6.75亿美元贷款,Voyager 本月早些时候申请破产保护。同一天,另一家加密货币经纪商 Genesis Trading 的首席执行官证实,三箭资本也未能满足其追加保证金要求。Genesis 的 Michael Moro 表示,它已经出售了三箭资本的抵押品。英属维尔京群岛法院下令三箭资本公司清算,根据法庭文件,该基金仍欠 Genesis 12 亿美元。 法庭文件显示,三箭资本还从Celsius那里获得了 4060 万美元的未偿还贷款。文件显示,Celsius 欠用户 47 亿美元存款。 BlockFi 首席执行官 Zac Prince 表示,该公司已清算了对三箭资本的超额抵押贷款,但因对冲基金倒闭而蒙受了 8000 万美元的损失。 加密货币交易员表示,这些损失以及随之而来的失败可能会像过去危机对传统金融公司的影响一样,使该行业变得更加坚挺。 作者: Justin Baer,Orla McCaffrey 编译及整理:比推 Amy Liu 来源:金色财经 |
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